"""Build the Kirk steampunk robot from reference/kirk-front.jpg and kirk-side.jpg. Run: blender -b -P tools/build_model.py Units: helpers take INCHES with z=0 at the bottom of the base plate; the scene is written in metres (1 in = 0.0254 m) so the GLB is real-world size and the STL is exported in millimetres. Every dimension is read from the drawings by pixel position: front view: x = (px-424)/174.5 in, z = (1135-py)/174.5 in (overall 6.00 in) side view : y = (px-450)/179 in (front of the robot is -Y), z = 0.23 + (1122-py)/179 in See docs/README.md for the measurement table and the reconciliation of the drawing's inconsistent dimension labels. """ import math import os import bmesh import bpy from mathutils import Matrix, Vector HERE = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) ROOT = os.path.dirname(HERE) OUT = os.path.join(ROOT, "out") IN = 0.0254 PLATE_T = 0.23 # plate thickness, in PLATE_R = 2.10 # plate radius, in (the drawing's plate is ~4.2 in across) bpy.ops.wm.read_factory_settings(use_empty=True) scene = bpy.context.scene scene.unit_settings.system = "METRIC" scene.unit_settings.scale_length = 1.0 scene.unit_settings.length_unit = "MILLIMETERS" # ---------------------------------------------------------------- materials MATS = {} def material(name, color, metallic=0.0, rough=0.5, emit=None, emit_strength=0.0, coat=0.0): m = bpy.data.materials.new(name) m.use_nodes = True b = m.node_tree.nodes["Principled BSDF"] b.inputs["Base Color"].default_value = (*color, 1) b.inputs["Metallic"].default_value = metallic b.inputs["Roughness"].default_value = rough if coat: b.inputs["Coat Weight"].default_value = coat b.inputs["Coat Roughness"].default_value = 0.15 if emit: b.inputs["Emission Color"].default_value = (*emit, 1) b.inputs["Emission Strength"].default_value = emit_strength MATS[name] = m return m material("Brass", (0.78, 0.58, 0.22), metallic=0.10, rough=0.55, coat=0.10) material("Steel", (0.40, 0.43, 0.49), metallic=0.20, rough=0.55) material("Glass", (0.36, 0.38, 0.42), metallic=0.0, rough=0.10, coat=0.8) material("Amber", (0.8, 0.3, 0.02), rough=0.3, emit=(1.0, 0.45, 0.04), emit_strength=0.8) material("Glow", (1.0, 0.9, 0.5), rough=0.3, emit=(1.0, 0.86, 0.45), emit_strength=1.5) material("Dark", (0.03, 0.03, 0.035), metallic=0.2, rough=0.5) material("Plate", (0.70, 0.70, 0.70), metallic=0.20, rough=0.55) GROUPS = {} # (group, material) -> [objects] def _register(obj, group, mat): obj.data.materials.clear() obj.data.materials.append(MATS[mat]) obj.name = f"{group}_{obj.name}" GROUPS.setdefault((group, mat), []).append(obj) return obj def _smooth(obj, angle=0.75): bpy.context.view_layer.objects.active = obj obj.select_set(True) bpy.ops.object.shade_smooth_by_angle(angle=angle) obj.select_set(False) def _apply_mods(obj): bpy.context.view_layer.objects.active = obj for m in list(obj.modifiers): bpy.ops.object.modifier_apply(modifier=m.name) def _finish(obj, group, mat, smooth=True): _apply_mods(obj) if smooth: _smooth(obj) return _register(obj, group, mat) def _orient(obj, direction): d = Vector(direction).normalized() obj.rotation_euler = d.to_track_quat("Z", "Y").to_euler() def _place(obj, pos): obj.location = pos * IN bpy.context.view_layer.update() # ---------------------------------------------------------------- primitives def rbox(group, mat, center, size, radius=0.06, rot=(0, 0, 0), segs=4): """Rounded box; center/size in inches (already final scale).""" bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_cube_add(size=1) o = bpy.context.active_object o.scale = (size[0] * IN, size[1] * IN, size[2] * IN) bpy.ops.object.transform_apply(scale=True) bev = o.modifiers.new("b", "BEVEL") bev.width = radius * IN bev.segments = segs bev.limit_method = "NONE" o.rotation_euler = rot _place(o, Vector(center)) return _finish(o, group, mat) def sphere(group, mat, center, radii, seg=24, rings=14, rot=(0, 0, 0)): bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_uv_sphere_add(segments=seg, ring_count=rings, radius=1) o = bpy.context.active_object o.scale = (radii[0] * IN, radii[1] * IN, radii[2] * IN) bpy.ops.object.transform_apply(scale=True) o.rotation_euler = rot _place(o, Vector(center)) return _finish(o, group, mat) def superellipsoid(group, mat, center, radii, n=2.6, seg=64, rings=40, rot=(0, 0, 0), n_lo=None): """Rounded-square ellipsoid: |x/a|^n + |y/b|^n + |z/c|^n = 1.""" bm = bmesh.new() bmesh.ops.create_uvsphere(bm, u_segments=seg, v_segments=rings, radius=1.0) for v in bm.verts: d = v.co.copy() if d.length == 0: continue d.normalize() if n_lo is None: nn = n else: # blend the exponent smoothly from the dome (n) to the boxier lower half (n_lo) t = min(1.0, max(0.0, (0.25 - d.z) / 0.75)) nn = n + (n_lo - n) * t * t * (3 - 2 * t) k = (abs(d.x) ** nn + abs(d.y) ** nn + abs(d.z) ** nn) ** (1.0 / nn) v.co = Vector((d.x / k * radii[0], d.y / k * radii[1], d.z / k * radii[2])) * IN me = bpy.data.meshes.new("se") bm.to_mesh(me) bm.free() o = bpy.data.objects.new("se", me) bpy.context.collection.objects.link(o) o.rotation_euler = rot _place(o, Vector(center)) return _finish(o, group, mat) def cyl(group, mat, p0, p1, r, verts=32, bevel=0.0, r1=None): p0, p1 = Vector(p0), Vector(p1) d = p1 - p0 if r1 is None: bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_cylinder_add(vertices=verts, radius=r * IN, depth=d.length * IN) else: bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_cone_add(vertices=verts, radius1=r * IN, radius2=r1 * IN, depth=d.length * IN) o = bpy.context.active_object if bevel: bv = o.modifiers.new("b", "BEVEL") bv.width = bevel * IN bv.segments = 3 _orient(o, d) _place(o, (p0 + p1) / 2) return _finish(o, group, mat) def torus(group, mat, center, major, minor, axis=(0, 0, 1), seg=40, minseg=10, scale=(1, 1, 1)): bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_torus_add( major_radius=major * IN, minor_radius=minor * IN, major_segments=seg, minor_segments=minseg ) o = bpy.context.active_object o.scale = scale bpy.ops.object.transform_apply(scale=True) _orient(o, axis) _place(o, Vector(center)) return _finish(o, group, mat) def rivet(group, mat, pos, r=0.028): return sphere(group, mat, pos, (r, r, r), seg=10, rings=6) def tube(group, mat, pts, r, closed=False, res=6, xscale=1.0): """Round bar along a polyline of inch points; xscale flattens it into a fin.""" cu = bpy.data.curves.new("tube", "CURVE") cu.dimensions = "3D" cu.bevel_depth = r * IN cu.bevel_resolution = res cu.use_fill_caps = True sp = cu.splines.new("POLY") sp.points.add(len(pts) - 1) for pt, q in zip(sp.points, pts): pt.co = (q[0] * IN, q[1] * IN, q[2] * IN, 1) sp.use_cyclic_u = closed o = bpy.data.objects.new("tube", cu) bpy.context.collection.objects.link(o) bpy.context.view_layer.objects.active = o o.select_set(True) bpy.ops.object.convert(target="MESH") o = bpy.context.active_object if xscale != 1.0: o.scale = (xscale, 1, 1) bpy.ops.object.transform_apply(scale=True) return _finish(o, group, mat) def ring_of_rivets(group, mat, center, radius, count, axis="y", r=0.028, start=0.0, arc=2 * math.pi): out = [] for i in range(count): a = start + arc * i / count if axis == "y": # ring in XZ plane, facing -Y off = Vector((math.cos(a) * radius, 0, math.sin(a) * radius)) else: # ring in YZ plane off = Vector((0, math.cos(a) * radius, math.sin(a) * radius)) out.append(rivet(group, mat, Vector(center) + off, r)) return out # ================================================================== BUILD sxs = (-1, 1) V = Vector def unit(v): return V(v).normalized() def capsule(group, mat, p0, p1, r, verts=16): cyl(group, mat, p0, p1, r, verts=verts) sphere(group, mat, p1, (r, r, r), seg=14, rings=8) # ---- base plate: perforated disc, 4.2 in across bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_cylinder_add(vertices=112, radius=PLATE_R * IN, depth=PLATE_T * IN) plate = bpy.context.active_object bv = plate.modifiers.new("b", "BEVEL") bv.width = 0.035 * IN bv.segments = 3 _place(plate, V((0, 0, PLATE_T / 2))) _apply_mods(plate) holes = [] for ring, count, off in ((1.90, 40, 0.0), (1.52, 26, 0.5), (1.12, 18, 0.0)): for i in range(count): a = 2 * math.pi * (i + off) / count bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_cylinder_add(vertices=12, radius=0.045 * IN, depth=PLATE_T * 3 * IN) h = bpy.context.active_object _place(h, V((math.cos(a) * ring, math.sin(a) * ring, PLATE_T / 2))) holes.append(h) bpy.ops.object.select_all(action="DESELECT") for h in holes: h.select_set(True) bpy.context.view_layer.objects.active = holes[0] bpy.ops.object.join() cutter = bpy.context.active_object bm_ = plate.modifiers.new("holes", "BOOLEAN") bm_.object = cutter bm_.operation = "DIFFERENCE" bm_.solver = "EXACT" _apply_mods(plate) bpy.data.objects.remove(cutter, do_unlink=True) _smooth(plate) _register(plate, "Base", "Plate") torus("Base", "Steel", V((0, 0, PLATE_T)), 2.02, 0.03, seg=112, minseg=8) torus("Base", "Steel", V((0, 0, PLATE_T)), 0.88, 0.02, seg=96, minseg=6) # ---- boots, shins, knees, thighs, hip plates for sx in sxs: bx = 0.92 * sx superellipsoid("Legs", "Brass", V((bx, -0.10, 0.30)), (0.62, 0.92, 0.075), n=3.0, seg=64, rings=20) superellipsoid("Legs", "Brass", V((bx, -0.28, 0.44)), (0.54, 0.84, 0.42), n=2.3, seg=64, rings=32) rbox("Legs", "Brass", V((bx, 0.36, 0.62)), (0.62, 0.55, 0.42), radius=0.12) rim = [] for i in range(72): a = 2 * math.pi * i / 72 c_, s_ = math.cos(a), math.sin(a) rim.append(V((bx + 0.585 * math.copysign(abs(c_) ** (2 / 2.6), c_), -0.20 + 0.88 * math.copysign(abs(s_) ** (2 / 2.6), s_), 0.385))) tube("Legs", "Steel", rim, 0.03, closed=True) for side in sxs: dx = bx + side * 0.33 ax = V((side, 0, 0)) c = V((dx, 0.34, 0.50)) torus("Legs", "Steel", c, 0.17, 0.035, axis=ax, seg=32) cyl("Legs", "Brass", c - ax * 0.01, c + ax * 0.05, 0.14, verts=32) cyl("Legs", "Steel", c + ax * 0.04, c + ax * 0.09, 0.075, verts=24) cyl("Legs", "Steel", V((bx * 0.87, 0.10, 0.62)), V((bx * 0.87, 0.02, 1.05)), 0.27) for z in (0.75, 0.86, 0.97): torus("Legs", "Steel", V((bx * 0.87, 0.06, z)), 0.28, 0.03, seg=32) rbox("Legs", "Brass", V((sx * 0.80, -0.02, 0.95)), (0.86, 0.62, 0.40), radius=0.09, rot=(0, -sx * 0.12, 0)) c = V((sx * 0.83, -0.35, 0.97)) torus("Legs", "Steel", c, 0.17, 0.035, axis=(0, -1, 0), seg=40) cyl("Legs", "Steel", c + V((0, 0.02, 0)), c + V((0, -0.05, 0)), 0.14, verts=32) sphere("Legs", "Brass", c + V((0, -0.06, 0)), (0.095, 0.05, 0.095), seg=20, rings=10) cyl("Legs", "Steel", V((sx * 0.68, 0.0, 1.38)), V((sx * 0.78, -0.02, 1.08)), 0.30) for t in (0.3, 0.55, 0.8): p = V((sx * 0.68, 0.0, 1.38)).lerp(V((sx * 0.78, -0.02, 1.08)), t) torus("Legs", "Steel", p, 0.31, 0.03, axis=(sx * 0.1, 0, -0.3), seg=32) rbox("Legs", "Brass", V((sx * 0.80, -0.58, 1.42)), (0.46, 0.12, 0.44), radius=0.05, rot=(0, sx * 0.55, 0)) for dz in (0.14, -0.14): rivet("Legs", "Steel", V((sx * 0.80 + dz * sx * 0.6, -0.66, 1.42 + dz)), 0.03) # ---- pelvis, waist, torso, neck, rear pod superellipsoid("Torso", "Brass", V((0, 0.05, 1.50)), (0.86, 0.82, 0.52), n=2.4, seg=64, rings=32) torus("Torso", "Brass", V((0, 0.05, 1.80)), 0.80, 0.045, seg=64, scale=(1.0, 0.96, 1.0)) cyl("Torso", "Steel", V((0, 0.05, 1.80)), V((0, 0.05, 2.04)), 0.72, bevel=0.02) rbox("Torso", "Steel", V((0, -0.64, 2.02)), (0.92, 0.07, 0.08), radius=0.03) rbox("Torso", "Brass", V((0, 0.04, 2.47)), (1.62, 1.30, 1.02), radius=0.22, segs=6) cyl("Torso", "Steel", V((0, 0.04, 2.98)), V((0, 0.04, 3.08)), 0.60, bevel=0.02) torus("Torso", "Steel", V((0, 0.04, 3.00)), 0.62, 0.05, seg=64) cyl("Torso", "Steel", V((0, 0.04, 3.02)), V((0, 0.04, 3.20)), 0.40, bevel=0.02) for z in (3.08, 3.16): torus("Torso", "Steel", V((0, 0.04, z)), 0.41, 0.025, seg=40) rbox("Torso", "Brass", V((0, -0.64, 2.52)), (0.62, 0.07, 0.80), radius=0.03) core = V((0, -0.80, 2.23)) cyl("Torso", "Steel", V((0, -0.58, 2.23)), V((0, -0.80, 2.23)), 0.27, verts=40) torus("Torso", "Steel", core, 0.25, 0.045, axis=(0, 1, 0), seg=48) torus("Torso", "Brass", core + V((0, -0.01, 0)), 0.17, 0.035, axis=(0, 1, 0), seg=40) sphere("Torso", "Amber", core + V((0, -0.01, 0)), (0.125, 0.06, 0.125), seg=32, rings=16) sphere("Torso", "Glow", core + V((0, -0.035, 0)), (0.06, 0.03, 0.06), seg=16, rings=8) for sx in sxs: rbox("Torso", "Brass", V((sx * 0.55, -0.66, 2.64)), (0.40, 0.07, 0.58), radius=0.03) for p in ((0.70, 2.92), (0.38, 2.88), (0.72, 2.36)): rivet("Torso", "Steel", V((sx * p[0], -0.70, p[1])), 0.035) cyl("Torso", "Brass", V((0, 0.75, 2.65)), V((0, 1.20, 2.65)), 0.32, bevel=0.05) torus("Torso", "Steel", V((0, 1.21, 2.65)), 0.22, 0.03, axis=(0, 1, 0), seg=32) cyl("Torso", "Steel", V((0, 0.95, 2.95)), V((0, 0.95, 3.50)), 0.045, verts=16) sphere("Torso", "Dark", V((0, 0.95, 3.54)), (0.07, 0.07, 0.07), seg=16, rings=10) # pelvis: raised U panel on the front, as drawn def pel_y(x, z): u = abs(x / 0.86) w = abs((z - 1.50) / 0.52) return 0.05 - 0.82 * max(0.0, 1 - u ** 2.4 - w ** 2.4) ** (1 / 2.4) for off, r in ((0.0, 0.04), (0.10, 0.02)): pu = [] for i in range(41): x = -0.66 + 1.32 * i / 40 z = 1.80 - off - 0.58 * max(0.0, 1 - (x / 0.66) ** 2) ** 0.8 pu.append(V((x, pel_y(x, z) - 0.02, z))) tube("Torso", "Brass", pu, r) # ---- arms for sx in sxs: g = "ArmL" if sx < 0 else "ArmR" cyl(g, "Steel", V((sx * 0.74, 0.05, 2.55)), V((sx * 0.98, 0.05, 2.55)), 0.30) rbox(g, "Brass", V((sx * 1.24, 0.02, 2.56)), (0.68, 0.92, 0.74), radius=0.15, rot=(0, sx * 0.5, 0)) for p in ((1.10, -0.47, 2.72), (1.42, -0.40, 2.52), (1.36, 0.44, 2.66)): rivet(g, "Steel", V((sx * p[0], p[1], p[2])), 0.035) c = V((sx * 1.60, 0.12, 2.55)) torus(g, "Steel", c, 0.38, 0.035, axis=(sx, 0, 0), seg=48) cyl(g, "Brass", c - V((sx * 0.02, 0, 0)), c + V((sx * 0.05, 0, 0)), 0.30, verts=40) cyl(g, "Steel", c + V((sx * 0.04, 0, 0)), c + V((sx * 0.09, 0, 0)), 0.10, verts=24) a0, a1 = V((sx * 1.28, 0.0, 2.55)), V((sx * 1.50, -0.02, 2.08)) cyl(g, "Steel", a0, a1, 0.23) for t in (0.15, 0.32, 0.49, 0.66, 0.83, 0.95): torus(g, "Steel", a0.lerp(a1, t), 0.25, 0.028, axis=a1 - a0, seg=28) superellipsoid(g, "Brass", V((sx * 1.72, 0.16, 1.98)), (0.40, 0.31, 0.56), n=2.3, seg=48, rings=28, rot=(-0.6, 0, 0)) pc = V((sx * 1.99, 0.12, 2.05)) pn = unit((sx * 0.9, -0.42, 0.0)) torus(g, "Brass", pc, 0.27, 0.04, axis=pn, seg=40) cyl(g, "Steel", pc - pn * 0.03, pc + pn * 0.02, 0.22, verts=32) cyl(g, "Brass", pc, pc + pn * 0.04, 0.10, verts=24) cyl(g, "Steel", V((sx * 1.68, -0.02, 1.55)), V((sx * 1.68, -0.06, 1.42)), 0.21) rbox(g, "Brass", V((sx * 1.68, -0.08, 1.30)), (0.48, 0.42, 0.50), radius=0.13) for fx in (-0.13, 0.0, 0.13): capsule(g, "Brass", V((sx * 1.68 + fx, -0.23, 1.30)), V((sx * 1.68 + fx, -0.24, 1.10)), 0.06) capsule(g, "Brass", V((sx * 1.52, -0.34, 1.62)), V((sx * 1.40, -0.36, 1.40)), 0.065) # ---- head (built upright, then pitched about the neck) HC = V((0, -0.03, 4.27)) HR = (1.27, 1.37, 1.19) HN_UP, HN_LO = 2.15, 3.4 def surf_y(x, z, front=True): t = min(1.0, max(0.0, (0.25 - (z - HC.z) / HR[2]) / 0.75)) n = HN_UP + (HN_LO - HN_UP) * t * t * (3 - 2 * t) u = abs((x - HC.x) / HR[0]) w = abs((z - HC.z) / HR[2]) t = max(0.0, 1 - u ** n - w ** n) ** (1 / n) return HC.y - HR[1] * t if front else HC.y + HR[1] * t def surf_z(y, x=0.0): """Top of the dome at lateral x and depth y.""" u = abs(x / HR[0]) v = abs((y - HC.y) / HR[1]) return HC.z + HR[2] * max(0.0, 1 - u ** HN_UP - v ** HN_UP) ** (1 / HN_UP) def face_path(rx, rz, cz, off=0.02, n=2.6, pts=96, lo=0.0, hi=2 * math.pi): out = [] for i in range(pts): a = lo + (hi - lo) * i / (pts if hi - lo >= 2 * math.pi - 1e-6 else pts - 1) c, sn = math.cos(a), math.sin(a) x = rx * math.copysign(abs(c) ** (2 / n), c) z = cz + rz * math.copysign(abs(sn) ** (2 / n), sn) out.append(V((x, surf_y(x, z) - off, z))) return out superellipsoid("Head", "Brass", HC, HR, n=HN_UP, n_lo=HN_LO, seg=72, rings=44) # face-plate outline and hood band, laid on the surface tube("Head", "Brass", face_path(1.27, 1.0, 4.12, off=0.035), 0.055, closed=True) tube("Head", "Brass", face_path(1.25, 1.06, 4.12, off=0.025, lo=math.radians(8), hi=math.radians(172)), 0.04) for q in face_path(1.27, 1.0, 4.12, off=0.075, pts=30): if abs(q.x) < 1.15: rivet("Head", "Steel", q, 0.03) for sx in sxs: ex, ez = sx * 0.77, 4.10 ys = surf_y(ex, ez) - 0.02 e = V((ex, ys, ez)) cyl("Head", "Brass", e + V((0, 0.55, 0)), e + V((0, -0.04, 0)), 0.51, verts=48, bevel=0.03) torus("Head", "Brass", e + V((0, -0.05, 0)), 0.48, 0.06, axis=(0, 1, 0), seg=56, minseg=12) cyl("Head", "Steel", e + V((0, 0.10, 0)), e + V((0, -0.065, 0)), 0.43, verts=48) sphere("Head", "Glass", e + V((0, 0.06, 0)), (0.38, 0.24, 0.38), seg=48, rings=24) mc = V((sx * 1.18, 0.20, 4.08)) superellipsoid("Head", "Brass", mc, (0.48, 0.64, 0.56), n=2.6, seg=56, rings=32) for r, mn in ((0.48, 0.04), (0.34, 0.035), (0.22, 0.03)): torus("Head", "Steel", V((sx * (1.655 - 0.5 * (r / 0.6) ** 2 * 0.3), 0.20, 4.08)), r, mn, axis=(sx, 0, 0), seg=64) cyl("Head", "Steel", V((sx * 1.60, 0.20, 4.08)), V((sx * 1.70, 0.20, 4.08)), 0.15, verts=32) sphere("Head", "Glass", V((sx * 1.70, 0.20, 4.08)), (0.05, 0.10, 0.10), seg=24, rings=12) # stalk and lamp b, m, t = V((sx * 0.52, 0.26, 5.16)), V((sx * 0.86, 0.18, 5.32)), V((sx * 1.18, 0.06, 5.50)) sphere("Head", "Steel", b, (0.22, 0.22, 0.22), seg=20, rings=12) cyl("Head", "Steel", b, m, 0.17) sphere("Head", "Steel", m, (0.21, 0.21, 0.21), seg=20, rings=12) cyl("Head", "Steel", m, t, 0.17) torus("Head", "Steel", b.lerp(m, 0.5), 0.17, 0.022, axis=m - b, seg=24) torus("Head", "Steel", m.lerp(t, 0.5), 0.17, 0.022, axis=t - m, seg=24) L = V((sx * 1.42, -0.05, 5.57)) n = unit((sx * 0.53, -0.70, 0.48)) rot = n.to_track_quat("Z", "Y").to_euler() sphere("Head", "Brass", L - n * 0.03, (0.36, 0.52, 0.12), seg=48, rings=24, rot=rot) torus("Head", "Brass", L + n * 0.06, 0.36, 0.05, axis=n, seg=48, minseg=10, scale=(0.70, 1.0, 1.0)) torus("Head", "Steel", L + n * 0.05, 0.31, 0.02, axis=n, seg=48, scale=(0.70, 1.0, 1.0)) sphere("Head", "Amber", L + n * 0.02, (0.25, 0.38, 0.15), seg=40, rings=16, rot=rot) sphere("Head", "Glow", L + n * 0.05 - V((0, 0, 0.0)), (0.11, 0.18, 0.11), seg=24, rings=12, rot=rot) # lower cheek buttons on the face-plate corners bx, bz = sx * 0.93, 3.46 bc = V((bx, surf_y(bx, bz) + 0.0, bz)) bc = bc + V((-sx * 0.02, 0.05, 0.03)) torus("Head", "Brass", bc, 0.17, 0.04, axis=(sx * 0.4, -1, -0.25), seg=32) cyl("Head", "Steel", bc + V((0, 0.03, 0)), bc + V((0, -0.035, 0)), 0.15, verts=24) sphere("Head", "Brass", bc + V((0, -0.04, 0)), (0.075, 0.035, 0.075), seg=16, rings=8) # crest fin lying on the forehead, with visor and antenna cluster fin = [V((0, y, surf_z(y) + 0.07)) for y in (-1.12, -0.95, -0.75, -0.55, -0.35, -0.15, 0.0)] tube("Head", "Brass", fin, 0.11, xscale=2.0) rbox("Head", "Steel", fin[0] + V((0, -0.02, -0.02)), (0.30, 0.20, 0.10), radius=0.035, rot=(0.6, 0, 0)) rbox("Head", "Steel", V((0, -0.16, surf_z(-0.16) + 0.12)), (0.20, 0.20, 0.12), radius=0.03) for dx, h in ((-0.07, 0.16), (0.0, 0.26), (0.07, 0.12)): z0 = surf_z(-0.16) + 0.16 cyl("Head", "Steel", V((dx, -0.16, z0)), V((dx, -0.16, z0 + h)), 0.03, verts=12) sphere("Head", "Amber", V((0.0, -0.16, surf_z(-0.16) + 0.16 + 0.26)), (0.035, 0.035, 0.035), seg=12, rings=8) # nose, mouth, rear tab nz = 3.98 sphere("Head", "Steel", V((0, surf_y(0, nz) - 0.005, nz)), (0.045, 0.03, 0.045), seg=14, rings=8) mz = 3.47 sphere("Head", "Dark", V((0, surf_y(0, mz) + 0.005, mz)), (0.25, 0.04, 0.035), seg=24, rings=10) rbox("Head", "Steel", V((0, surf_y(0, 4.36, front=False) + 0.06, 4.36)), (0.16, 0.28, 0.20), radius=0.04) # pitch the head forward about the neck piv = V((0, 0.05, 3.05)) * IN rotm = Matrix.Translation(V((0, 0.17, 0)) * IN) @ Matrix.Translation(piv) @ Matrix.Rotation(math.radians(8.0), 4, "X") @ Matrix.Translation(-piv) for (grp, mat), objs in GROUPS.items(): if grp == "Head": for o in objs: o.matrix_world = rotm @ o.matrix_world bpy.context.view_layer.update() # ================================================================== FINALISE def join_group(objs): bpy.ops.object.select_all(action="DESELECT") for o in objs: o.select_set(True) bpy.context.view_layer.objects.active = objs[0] bpy.ops.object.join() return bpy.context.active_object for (group, mat), objs in list(GROUPS.items()): merged = join_group(objs) merged.name = f"{group}-{mat}" merged.data.name = merged.name mins = [1e9] * 3 maxs = [-1e9] * 3 for o in bpy.context.scene.objects: if o.type != "MESH": continue for v in o.data.vertices: w = o.matrix_world @ v.co for i in range(3): mins[i] = min(mins[i], w[i]) maxs[i] = max(maxs[i], w[i]) print("BBOX inches: x[%.2f,%.2f] y[%.2f,%.2f] z[%.2f,%.2f]" % tuple(v / IN for p in zip(mins, maxs) for v in p)) os.makedirs(OUT, exist_ok=True) bpy.ops.wm.save_as_mainfile(filepath=os.path.join(OUT, "kirk.blend")) bpy.ops.export_scene.gltf( filepath=os.path.join(OUT, "kirk.glb"), export_format="GLB", export_apply=True, export_yup=True, export_cameras=False, export_lights=False, ) bpy.ops.object.select_all(action="DESELECT") meshes = [o for o in bpy.context.scene.objects if o.type == "MESH"] for o in meshes: o.select_set(True) bpy.context.view_layer.objects.active = meshes[0] bpy.ops.wm.stl_export(filepath=os.path.join(OUT, "kirk.stl"), export_selected_objects=True, global_scale=1000.0) print("EXPORTED", OUT)